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Add more tests for hashing and hash-based plans
- Test hashing of an array of a non-hashable element type. - Test UNION [DISTINCT] with hash- and sort-based plans. (Previously, only INTERSECT and EXCEPT where tested there.) - Test UNION [DISTINCT] with a non-hashable column type. This currently reverts to a sort-based plan even if enable_hashagg is on. - Test UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT hash- and sort-based plans with arrays as column types. Also test an array with a non-hashable element type. - Test UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT similarly with row types as column types. Currently, this uses only sort-based plans because there is no hashing support for row types. - Add a test case that shows that recursive queries using UNION [DISTINCT] require hashable column types. - Add a currently failing test that uses UNION DISTINCT in a cycle-detection use case using row types as column types. Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/38eccd35-4e2d-6767-1b3c-dada1eac3124%402ndquadrant.com
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‎src/test/regress/expected/hash_func.out‎

Lines changed: 7 additions & 0 deletions
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -177,6 +177,13 @@ WHERE hash_array(v)::bit(32) != hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32)
177177
-------+----------+-----------+-----------
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(0 rows)
179179

180+
-- array hashing with non-hashable element type
181+
SELECT v as value, hash_array(v)::bit(32) as standard
182+
FROM (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
183+
ERROR: could not identify a hash function for type money
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SELECT v as value, hash_array_extended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0
185+
FROM (VALUES ('{0}'::money[])) x(v);
186+
ERROR: could not identify an extended hash function for type money
180187
SELECT v as value, hashbpchar(v)::bit(32) as standard,
181188
hashbpcharextended(v, 0)::bit(32) as extended0,
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hashbpcharextended(v, 1)::bit(32) as extended1

‎src/test/regress/expected/union.out‎

Lines changed: 356 additions & 1 deletion
Original file line numberDiff line numberDiff line change
@@ -345,8 +345,28 @@ ERROR: FOR NO KEY UPDATE is not allowed with UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
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1 | 2 | 3
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(1 row)
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-- exercise both hashed and sorted implementations of INTERSECT/EXCEPT
348+
-- exercise both hashed and sorted implementations of UNION/INTERSECT/EXCEPT
349349
set enable_hashagg to on;
350+
explain (costs off)
351+
select count(*) from
352+
( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
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QUERY PLAN
354+
----------------------------------------------------------------
355+
Aggregate
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-> HashAggregate
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Group Key: tenk1.unique1
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-> Append
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-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
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-> Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
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(6 rows)
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select count(*) from
364+
( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
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count
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-------
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10000
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(1 row)
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explain (costs off)
351371
select count(*) from
352372
( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
@@ -389,6 +409,27 @@ select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
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(1 row)
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391411
set enable_hashagg to off;
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explain (costs off)
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select count(*) from
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( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
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QUERY PLAN
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----------------------------------------------------------------------
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Aggregate
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-> Unique
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-> Sort
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Sort Key: tenk1.unique1
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-> Append
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-> Index Only Scan using tenk1_unique1 on tenk1
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-> Seq Scan on tenk1 tenk1_1
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(7 rows)
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select count(*) from
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( select unique1 from tenk1 union select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
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count
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-------
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10000
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(1 row)
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392433
explain (costs off)
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select count(*) from
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( select unique1 from tenk1 intersect select fivethous from tenk1 ) ss;
@@ -434,6 +475,320 @@ select unique1 from tenk1 except select unique2 from tenk1 where unique2 != 10;
434475
10
435476
(1 row)
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reset enable_hashagg;
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-- non-hashable type
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set enable_hashagg to on;
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
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Unique
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-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
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set enable_hashagg to off;
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (100::money), (200::money)) _(x) union select x from (values (100::money), (300::money)) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
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Unique
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-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
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reset enable_hashagg;
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-- arrays
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set enable_hashagg to on;
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------
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HashAggregate
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Group Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(5 rows)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
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x
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-------
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{1,4}
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{1,2}
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{1,3}
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(3 rows)
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
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HashSetOp Intersect
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-> Append
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
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x
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-------
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{1,2}
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(1 row)
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
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HashSetOp Except
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-> Append
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
559+
x
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-------
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{1,3}
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(1 row)
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-- non-hashable type
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explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
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Unique
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-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
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select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[200::money])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[100::money]), (array[300::money])) _(x);
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x
579+
-----------
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{$100.00}
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{$200.00}
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{$300.00}
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(3 rows)
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set enable_hashagg to off;
586+
explain (costs off)
587+
select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
588+
QUERY PLAN
589+
-----------------------------------------------
590+
Unique
591+
-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
594+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
596+
(6 rows)
597+
598+
select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) union select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
599+
x
600+
-------
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{1,2}
602+
{1,3}
603+
{1,4}
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(3 rows)
605+
606+
explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
608+
QUERY PLAN
609+
-----------------------------------------------------
610+
SetOp Intersect
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-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
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-> Append
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
617+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(8 rows)
619+
620+
select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) intersect select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
621+
x
622+
-------
623+
{1,2}
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(1 row)
625+
626+
explain (costs off)
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select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
628+
QUERY PLAN
629+
-----------------------------------------------------
630+
SetOp Except
631+
-> Sort
632+
Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
633+
-> Append
634+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(8 rows)
639+
640+
select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 3])) _(x) except select x from (values (array[1, 2]), (array[1, 4])) _(x);
641+
x
642+
-------
643+
{1,3}
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(1 row)
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646+
reset enable_hashagg;
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-- records
648+
set enable_hashagg to on;
649+
-- currently no hashing support for record, so these will still run with sort plans:
650+
explain (costs off)
651+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
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QUERY PLAN
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-----------------------------------------------
654+
Unique
655+
-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
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-> Append
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
659+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
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(6 rows)
661+
662+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
663+
x
664+
-------
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(1,2)
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(1,3)
667+
(1,4)
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(3 rows)
669+
670+
explain (costs off)
671+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
672+
QUERY PLAN
673+
-----------------------------------------------------
674+
SetOp Intersect
675+
-> Sort
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Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
677+
-> Append
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
679+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
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-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
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-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
682+
(8 rows)
683+
684+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
685+
x
686+
-------
687+
(1,2)
688+
(1 row)
689+
690+
explain (costs off)
691+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
692+
QUERY PLAN
693+
-----------------------------------------------------
694+
SetOp Except
695+
-> Sort
696+
Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
697+
-> Append
698+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
699+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
700+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
701+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
702+
(8 rows)
703+
704+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
705+
x
706+
-------
707+
(1,3)
708+
(1 row)
709+
710+
-- non-hashable type
711+
explain (costs off)
712+
select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
713+
QUERY PLAN
714+
-----------------------------------------------
715+
Unique
716+
-> Sort
717+
Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
718+
-> Append
719+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
720+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
721+
(6 rows)
722+
723+
select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(200::money))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(100::money)), (row(300::money))) _(x);
724+
x
725+
-----------
726+
($100.00)
727+
($200.00)
728+
($300.00)
729+
(3 rows)
730+
731+
set enable_hashagg to off;
732+
explain (costs off)
733+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
734+
QUERY PLAN
735+
-----------------------------------------------
736+
Unique
737+
-> Sort
738+
Sort Key: "*VALUES*".column1
739+
-> Append
740+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
741+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
742+
(6 rows)
743+
744+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) union select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
745+
x
746+
-------
747+
(1,2)
748+
(1,3)
749+
(1,4)
750+
(3 rows)
751+
752+
explain (costs off)
753+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
754+
QUERY PLAN
755+
-----------------------------------------------------
756+
SetOp Intersect
757+
-> Sort
758+
Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
759+
-> Append
760+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
761+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
762+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
763+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
764+
(8 rows)
765+
766+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) intersect select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
767+
x
768+
-------
769+
(1,2)
770+
(1 row)
771+
772+
explain (costs off)
773+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
774+
QUERY PLAN
775+
-----------------------------------------------------
776+
SetOp Except
777+
-> Sort
778+
Sort Key: "*SELECT* 1".x
779+
-> Append
780+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 1"
781+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*"
782+
-> Subquery Scan on "*SELECT* 2"
783+
-> Values Scan on "*VALUES*_1"
784+
(8 rows)
785+
786+
select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 3))) _(x) except select x from (values (row(1, 2)), (row(1, 4))) _(x);
787+
x
788+
-------
789+
(1,3)
790+
(1 row)
791+
437792
reset enable_hashagg;
438793
--
439794
-- Mixed types

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