Choosing the right card issuing model for your business

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The card issuing stack isn’t just about issuing cards anymore—it’s about the business model you choose. Payments Issuing Business Models Fintechs, platforms, and corporates entering the card space face a critical question: Do you want control, speed, or flexibility? Your answer determines who you partner with. Let’s break down the payments issuing business models, as mapped by Flagship Advisory Partners: 🔹 Issuer Processors & Vendors (e.g. Marqeta, Thredd, Enfuce): They power the plumbing—auth, card management, tokenization, 3DS, etc. Used by banks and BaaS providers. Low on customer ownership, high on infrastructure. 🔹 Group Service Providers (e.g. Elan, Nexi): They bundle processing, BPO, and VAS—ideal for small banks that want a full-service package. Less flexible but simple to deploy. 🔹 White-label BaaS (e.g. Unit, Moov, ClearBank): API-first platforms that offer modular banking/payment services. Great for fintechs building fast. Coverage varies—many rely on partner networks and integrations. 🔹 White-label Program Managers (e.g. Tillo, Imprint): Offer card products and program management as a service. Can support both consumer and commercial use cases. Verticalized and usually take on some program P\&L risk. 🔹 SaaS Payment Facilitators (e.g. Stripe, Adyen, Nuvopay): They embed payments into SaaS platforms. End-to-end experiences with easy onboarding and monetization. Best for platforms serving third-party merchants. 🔹 Specialized Direct Issuers (e.g. Ramp, Soldo, Edenred): Own the full experience and serve niche verticals like expense management, fuel cards, or employee benefits. Closed-loop or hybrid networks. 🔹 Bank Issuers (e.g. JPMorgan, HSBC, Barclays): Operate through traditional issuer processors, with a mix of in-house and vendor support. Still relevant for large-scale, regulated use cases. The further right you go, the more control you have—along with more risk and responsibility. Whether you’re building a consumer neobank, B2B expense platform, or embedded finance product, understanding these models helps you make the right strategic choice. HSBC JP Morgan J.P. Morgan NEOBANK Barclays Barclays UK Stripe Adyen Nuvei Alipay Unit Nexi Group Tribe Payments Pleo Soldo Bankart d.o.o. EML WEX Benefits Deutsche Bank UniCredit Tillo ClearBank SIBS Marqeta ConnectPay Sepaga EMI Wallester Soldo AirPlus Payhawk EUROWAG Corpay Bankable Dash (YC S25) Deserve BORICA AD Worldline

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